| Formulary Chapter 4: Central nervous system - Full Chapter
|
| Chapter Links... |
 MHRA Drug Safety Alert (Feb 2015): Drugs and driving: blood concentration limits set for certain drugs |
 NENC Palliative and End of Life Care Symptom Control Guidelines |
| NICE NG62: Cerebral palsy in under 25s: assessment and management |
| TEWV - Medicines Optimisation – Interactive Guide |
| TEWV Guidelines |
| TEWV Safe Transfer of Prescribing Guidance |
| Details... |
| 04.07.04.02 |
Prophylaxis of migraine |
|
|
Pizotifen
|
Formulary
|
|
|
|
Metoprolol
|
Formulary
|
|
|
|
Propranolol
|
Formulary
|
|
|
|
Topiramate
|
Formulary
|
- MHRA Drug Safety Update (July 2022): Topiramate (Topamax): start of safety review triggered by a study reporting an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children with prenatal exposure
|
MHRA Drug Safety Update (June 2024): Topiramate (Topamax): introduction of new safety measures, including a Pregnancy Prevention Programme
|
Atogepant (Aquipta®)
|
Formulary
|
- 10mg and 60mg tablets
- Approved for preventing migraine in line with NICE:
- they have 4 or more migraine days a month
- at least 3 preventative drug treatments have failed
- First 3 months supply from secondary care with a review at 3 months. If effective, transfer to primary care with a further 1 month supply from secondary care to allow for handover.
|
NICE TA973: Atogepant for preventing migraine
|
Clonidine
|
Formulary
|
- Clonidine is not generally recommended for migraine prophylaxis; may aggravate depression/cause insomnia.
|
|
|
Eptinezumab (Vyepti®)
|
Formulary
|
- 100mg/1ml concentrate for solution for infusion
- Approved for the prevention of chronic migraine in adults in line with NICE only if
- they have 4 or more migraine days a month
- at least 3 preventative drug treatments have failed
|
NICE TA871: Eptinezumab for preventing migraine
|
Erenumab (Aimovig®)
|
Formulary
|
- 70mg/1ml and 140mg/1ml solution for injection (pre-filled pens)
- Approved for the prevention of chronic migraine in adults in line with NICE only if
- they have 4 or more migraine days a month
- at least 3 preventative drug treatments have failed
|
NICE TA682: Erenumab for preventing migraine in adults
|
Fremanezumab (Ajovy®)
|
Formulary
|
- 225mg/1.5ml solution for injection (Pre-filled pens/syringes)
- Approved for the prevention of chronic migraine in adults in line with NICE only if
- they have 4 or more migraine days a month
- at least 3 preventative drug treatments have failed
|
NICE TA764: Fremanezumab for preventing migraine
|
Galcanezumab (Emgality®)
|
Formulary
|
- 120mg/1ml injection
- Approved for the prevention of chronic migraine in adults in line with NICE only if
- they have 4 or more migraine days a month
- at least 3 preventative drug treatments have failed
|
NICE TA659: Galcanezumab for preventing migraine
|
Rimegepant (Vydura®)
|
Formulary
|
- 75mg oral lyophilisates
- Approved for preventing migraine in line with NICE
- First 3 months supply from secondary care with a review at 3 months. If effective, transfer to primary care with a further 1 month supply from secondary care to allow for handover.
- Approved for treating migraine in line with NICE
|
NICE TA906: Rimegepant for preventing migraine
NICE TA919: Rimegepant for treating migraine
|
Botulinum Toxin Type A
|
Formulary
|
- Only approved for use in accordance with NICE guidance.
|
NICE TA260: Botulinum toxin type A for the prevention of headaches in adults with chronic migraine
|
Amitriptyline
|
 Unlicensed
|
|
|
|
Imipramine
|
Unlicensed
|
|
|
|
Sodium valproate
|
Unlicensed
|
- Note: sodium valproate 500mg & 1000mg MR granules (Episenta®) are also approved for use in those who have difficulty swallowing sodium valproate tablets. MR granules may be more convenient to use than large volumes of liquid formulations.
 Black Triangle in Females
Valproate must no longer be prescribed to women and girls of
childbearing potential unless there is no alternative and they are on the
Pregnancy Prevention Programme (PPP) 
For information relating to alerts regarding valproate, including Drug Safety Updates and links to PPP materials, please use the following link:
MHRA Drug Safety Updates (valproate)
Valproate (Belvo, Convulex, Depakote, Dyzantil, Epilim, Epilim Chrono or Chronosphere, Episenta, Epival, and Syonell▼): new safety and educational materials to support regulatory measures in men and women under 55 years of age (MHRA Drug Safety Update January 2024)
Valproate use in men: as a precaution, men and their partners should use effective contraception (MHRA Drug Safety Update September 2024)
|
Valproate medicines: Pregnancy Prevention Programme materials
|
|
|
| .... |
Key |
 |
Restricted Drug |
|
Unlicensed |
|
|
Link to adult BNF
|
|
|
Link to children's BNF
|
|
|
Link to SPCs
|
|
Cytotoxic Drug |
|
Controlled Drug |
|
|
High Cost Medicine |
|
NHS England |
|
Homecare |
|
ICB |
|
Low carbon footprint |
|
Medium carbon footprint |
|
High carbon footprint |
|
| Status |
Description |
|
Drugs for hospital use only. The responsibility for initiation and monitoring treatment should rest with an appropriate hospital clinician and the drug should be supplied through the hospital throughout the duration of treatment. In some very exceptional circumstances (e.g. due to distance from the hospital, storage, supply or mobility/transport problems) it may be appropriate for the GP to be asked to prescribe a Red drug. This should be negotiated on an individual patient basis and should only be done with the GP’s prior informed agreement where the roles of the GP and hospital services are clearly defined and agreed. The GP should not feel under pressure to prescribe in these circumstances. For all RED drugs automatically added to the formulary in response to a positive NICE TA: Prescribers need to ensure that local Trust new drug governance procedures and pharmacy processes are followed before any prescribing. |
|
Drugs initiated by hospital specialist, but where continuing treatment by GPs may be appropriate under a shared care arrangement. These medicines are considered suitable for primary care prescribing following specialist initiation of therapy and stabilisation, with ongoing communication between the primary care prescriber and specialist as set out in the associated shared care guideline (SCG). Shared care should be initiated by the specialist, which includes consultant, suitably trained specialist non-medical prescriber or GPwER within a secondary, tertiary, or primary care clinic.
The specialist should send the primary care prescriber a copy of the NENC Clinical Effectiveness and Governance (CEG) Subcommittee approved SCG to sign. The primary care prescriber should sign the SCG or indicate reasons why they are unable to accept the agreement and return a copy back to the specialist, as soon as possible.
SCGs are available or are being developed for most of the drugs listed as AMBER. |
|
Drugs normally recommended or initiated by a hospital specialist who is a prescriber, a GP with an extended role [GPwER], or a specialist within primary care which can be safely maintained in primary care and monitored in primary care. In some cases, a further restriction for use may be defined. The primary care prescriber must be familiar with the drug to take on prescribing responsibility or must obtain the required information from the specialist. Therefore, provision of additional information, or an information leaflet, may be appropriate in some cases to facilitate continuing treatment by primary care prescriber or provide information re stopping criteria.
These are considered suitable for primary care prescribing following specialist assessment and recommendation of therapy, with ongoing communication between the primary care prescriber and specialist, if necessary.
In some case these drugs require specialist initiation and short to medium term monitoring of efficacy or toxicity until the patient’s dose is stable. Following specialist review the patient may be transferred to primary care for ongoing prescribing. Ongoing prescribing by primary care can include, if required, additional dose titrations and assessment of efficacy, with ongoing communication between the primary care prescriber and specialist, if necessary.
If the drug requires urgent initiation, it is expected that the specialist undertakes the initial prescribing responsibility for an appropriate period of time, usually a minimum of 28 days. A GREEN+ drug can only be recommended to primary care for initiation if does not need to be initiated within 28 days. |
|
Medicines suitable for initiation, ongoing prescribing and discontinuation in all care settings, subject to appropriate communication between those responsible. |
|
UNDER REVIEW: drugs whose current formulary status or RAG status is currently under review. |
|
Drugs that have been considered by the NENC Clinical Effectiveness and Governance (CEG) Subcommittee (or other approved body) and are not approved for prescribing within the North East and North Cumbria ICS. These may also include all medicines with a “not NHS” or “DLCV” classification in the BNF, those agents as included within the NICE “Do not do” list, and those agents included with the NHS England: Items which should not routinely be prescribed in primary care. |
|
|
|
